数据访问对象模式(Data Access Object Pattern)或 DAO 模式用于把低级的数据访问 API 或操作从高级的业务服务中分离出来。以下是数据访问对象模式的参与者。
我们将创建一个作为模型对象或数值对象的 Student 对象。StudentDao 是数据访问对象接口。StudentDaoImpl 是实现了数据访问对象接口的实体类。DaoPatternDemo,我们的演示类使用 StudentDao 来演示数据访问对象模式的用法。
创建数值对象。
Student.java
public class Student { private String name; private int rollNo; Student(String name, int rollNo){ this.name = name; this.rollNo = rollNo; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getRollNo() { return rollNo; } public void setRollNo(int rollNo) { this.rollNo = rollNo; } }
创建数据访问对象接口。
StudentDao.java
import java.util.List; public interface StudentDao { public List<Student> getAllStudents(); public Student getStudent(int rollNo); public void updateStudent(Student student); public void deleteStudent(Student student); }
创建实现了上述接口的实体类。
StudentDaoImpl.java
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao { //列表是当作一个数据库 List<Student> students; public StudentDaoImpl(){ students = new ArrayList<Student>(); Student student1 = new Student("Robert",0); Student student2 = new Student("John",1); students.add(student1); students.add(student2); } @Override public void deleteStudent(Student student) { students.remove(student.getRollNo()); System.out.println("Student: Roll No " + student.getRollNo() +", deleted from database"); } //从数据库中检索学生名单 @Override public List<Student> getAllStudents() { return students; } @Override public Student getStudent(int rollNo) { return students.get(rollNo); } @Override public void updateStudent(Student student) { students.get(student.getRollNo()).setName(student.getName()); System.out.println("Student: Roll No " + student.getRollNo() +", updated in the database"); } }
使用 StudentDao 来演示数据访问对象模式的用法。
DaoPatternDemo.java
public class DaoPatternDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { StudentDao studentDao = new StudentDaoImpl(); //输出所有的学生 for (Student student : studentDao.getAllStudents()) { System.out.println("Student: [RollNo : " +student.getRollNo()+", Name : "+student.getName()+" ]"); } //更新学生 Student student =studentDao.getAllStudents().get(0); student.setName("Michael"); studentDao.updateStudent(student); //获取学生 studentDao.getStudent(0); System.out.println("Student: [RollNo : " +student.getRollNo()+", Name : "+student.getName()+" ]"); } }
验证输出。
Student: [RollNo : 0, Name : Robert ] Student: [RollNo : 1, Name : John ] Student: Roll No 0, updated in the database Student: [RollNo : 0, Name : Michael ]